Foundations in social policy (Australia) – Policy Essay
Foundations in social policy (Australia) – Policy Essay
Assessment item 2
Policy essay
Task
Select a population group relevant to social policy. Critically consider the way social policy debates and changes to the Australian welfare state have affected your selected population group.
Your discussion should focus on income security and one other domain as discussed in Chapters 7-12 of your text, Carson & Kerr (2014).
Population Category selected : Aged people.
Domain Selected : Income security & Health
Assignment is to reflect Current Policy : Australian Aged Care Reform . Living longer living better 2012 .( to come into effect 2014) Reform outline included as reading.
Instructions :
- Briefly define the population group (Who they are and how perceptions of them have changed over time)
- Briefly outline the social policy domains, in relation to your chosen group (income security and one other).
- Income security
- Health
- Discuss the ways in which your chosen social policy domains impact (strengths/limitations) your selected population group. Be sure to draw on wider reading to support arguments.
- In light of reading/research, conclude by predicting potential future issues faced by the group under current policies (you may suggest solutions, however they must be realistic and informed by research in the area).
IMPORTANT Prescribed text(s)
Carson, E., & Kerr, L. (2014). Australian Social Policy and the Human Services. Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 7 – 12 are important readings for assignment 2 and must be utalized and referenced
Reference sources
10 reference sources. Prescribed text can be included as reference source. Other reference material may be sourced from list resource / readings included or other relevant Australian Journals etc. Note this is an Australian Policy essay and as such reference material should reflect Australian content.
Rationale
Here you have the opportunity to demonstrate your additional learning from studying part 2 of this subject that relate to Australian society in a changing world. Here you will demonstrate social policy as contested terrain through discussion, in relation to Australia, of:
developments in social policy through time
contemporary differences in social experiences of particular population categories
winners and losers of social policies of reforms in various social policy domains
origins and nature of competing views that are evident in public discourse.
This assignment is designed to assess the following learning outcomes
- be able to demonstrate an understanding of the significant historical and ideological shifts in Australian politics and policy
- be able to demonstrate an understanding of the impacts of social policy shifts on the organisation of social service provisions
- be able to demonstrate an understanding of the impacts social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population
Marking criteria
The assignment will be marked by the following criteria
- Clarity of structure, written expression, presentation and correct referencing
- All aspects of the task has been addressed
- Evidence of relevant reading within and beyond the material provided
- Evidence of understanding developments in social policy debates and changes
- Evidence of critically understanding impacts of such changes on the population group
- Evidence of understanding potential future issues of the group under current policies
All criteria are of equal weighting:
Criteria | 0-49%
Unsatisfactory performance FL Grade |
50-64%
An adequate answer PS Grade |
65-74%
An above average answer CR Grade |
75-84%
An excellent answer DI Grade |
85–100%
An exceptional answer HD Grade |
||||||||||
Clarity of
structure, written expression and presentation and correct citation and referencing. |
Frequent
spelling, punctuation or grammatical errors. Inadequate citation & referencing. Little apparent structure |
Some imprecise
statements requiring elaboration and/or clarity of ideas expressed. Few spelling, punctuation or grammatical errors. Development of citation & referencing approach Evidence of structure |
Very little sign
of imprecise statements Consistent approach to citation & referencing with few errors Logical structure |
Writing provides
evidence of knowledge and good engaging writing. Consistent approach to citation & referencing Logical & consistent structure |
Writing provides
strong evidence of knowledge and excellent engaging writing. Sustained evidence of correct citation and referencing Skilfully crafted, logical structure |
||||||||||
Grade Range | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H |
All aspects of
the question have been addressed |
There is limited
evidence that the essay question has been addressed |
There is
evidence that most aspects of the question have been addressed |
There is
evidence that all aspects of the question have been addressed |
There is evidence
that all aspects of the question have been addressed in an engaging way |
There is evidence
that all aspects of the question have been addressed in an engaging, critical and creative way |
||||||||||
Grade Range | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H |
Evidence of
relevant reading within and beyond the material provided |
There is limited
evidence of reading |
Evidence of use
of the subject reading materials appropriate to the topic |
Evidence of use
of the subject reading materials and beyond appropriate to the topic |
Clear evidence of
wide reading beyond core subject material |
Evidence of
independently and comprehensively sourced wide reading beyond core subject material |
||||||||||
Grade Range | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H |
Evidence of understanding developments of social policy debates and changes | Little or no
evidence of understanding developments in social policy debates and changes
|
Evidence of
growing understanding developments in social policy debates and changes
|
Evidence of
good understanding developments in social policy debates and changes |
Evidence
of very good understanding developments in social policy debates and changes |
Comprehensive
understanding developments in social policy debates and changes |
||||||||||
Grade Range | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H |
Evidence of critical understanding of the impact of such changes on the population group | Little or no
evidence of critical understanding of the impact of such changes on the population group |
Evidence of
growing critical understanding of the impact of such changes on the population group
|
Evidence of
good critical understanding of the impact of such changes on the population group |
Evidence
of very good critical of the impact of such changes on the population group
|
Comprehensive critical
understanding of the impact of such changes on the population group |
||||||||||
Grade Range | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H |
Evidence of an understanding of the impact social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population | Little or no
evidence of understanding of the impact social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population |
Evidence of
growing understanding of the impact social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population
|
Evidence of
good understanding of the impact social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population |
Evidence
of very good of the impact social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population |
Comprehensive
understanding of the impact social policies can have on diverse sectors of the population |
||||||||||
Grade Range | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H | L | M | H |
Prescribed text(s)
Carson, E., & Kerr, L. (2014). Australian Social Policy and the Human Services. Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.
Chapters 7 – 12 are important readings for assignment 2
Recommended reading / resources
Ahn, S.H., & Kim, S.W. (2015). Social investment, social service and the economic performance of welfare states. International Journal of Social Welfare, 24(2), 109-119. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12094
Althaus, C., Bridgman, P. & Davis, G. (2007). The Australian Policy Handbook (4th ed.). Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Australian Broadcasting Commission. (2008). The apology to the stolen generations of Australia. Retreived from http://www.abc.net.au/tv/apology
Belcher, J. R., & Tice, C. (2013). Power and Social Work: A Change in Direction. Journal of Progressive Human Services, 24(1), 81-93. doi:10.1080/10428232.2013.740403
Caminada, K., Goudswaard, K., & Koster, F. (2012). Social income transfers and poverty: A cross-country analysis for OECD countries. International Journal of Social Welfare, 21(2), 115-126. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00815.x
Chenoweth, L. (2008). Redefining Welfare: Australian Social Policy and Practice. Asian Social Work & Policy Review, 2(1), 53-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-1411.2008.00009.x
Cook, K., & Noblet, A. (2012). Job satisfaction and ‘welfare-to-work’: is any job a good job for Australian single mothers? [Article]. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 47(2), 203-219.
Dean, H. (2013). The translation of needs into rights: Reconceptualising social citizenship as a global phenomenon. International Journal of Social Welfare, 22, S32-S49. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12032
Ellis, D. (2013). Is Too Much Ever Enough? The Economic Crisis, Greed and the Occupy Wall Street Movement. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 10(1), 13-31.
Eriksen, R. E. (2013). The coping model: what is it and what might be its implications for social work practice? European Journal of Social Work, 16(2), 277-293. doi:10.1080/13691457.2011.618115
Fenna, A. (2004). Australian public policy, (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Longman.
Gaisbauer, H. P., Schweiger, G., & Sedmak, C. (2013). Ethical Obligations of Wealthy People: Progressive Taxation and the Financial Crisis. Ethics & Social Welfare, 7(2), 141-154. doi:10.1080/17496535.2013.779003
Goldberg, G. S. (2012). Economic Inequality and Economic Crisis: A Challenge for Social Workers. Social Work, 57(3), 211-224. doi:10.1093/sw/sws005
Grahame, T., & Marston, G. (2011). Welfare-to-work Policies and the Experience of Employed Single Mothers on Income Support in Australia: Where are the Benefits? Australian Social Work, 1-14. doi:10.1080/0312407x.2011.604093
Hayes, A., Gray, M., & Edwards, B. (2008) Social Inclusion: Origins, Concepts and Key Themes. Australian Institute of Family Studies, Social Inclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister, Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia.
Lister, R. (2013). ‘Power, not Pity’: Poverty and Human Rights. Ethics & Social Welfare, 7(2), 109-123. doi:10.1080/17496535.2013.779002
Manne, R. (ed.). (2004). The Howard years. Melbourne: Black Inc. Agenda.
Marston, G., & McDonald, C. (2012). Getting beyond ‘Heroic Agency’ in Conceptualising Social Workers as Policy Actors in the Twenty-First Century. British Journal of Social Work, 42(6), 1022-1038
McDonald, C., & Marston, G. (2008). Motivating the Unemployed? Attitudes at the Front Line. Australian Social Work, 61(4), 315 – 326. Retrieved from http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/03124070802428167
Mendes, P. (2012). Compulsory Income Management: A Critical Examination of the Emergence of Conditional Welfare in Australia. Australian Social Work, 1-16. doi: 10.1080/0312407x.2012.708763 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0312407X.2012.708763
Mendes, P., McCurdy, S., Allen-Kelly, K., Charikar, K., & Incerti, K. (2015). Integrating professional social work identity and social justice advocacy: An analysis of the Australian campaign to restore Medicare rebates for accredited mental health social workers. Journal of Social Work, 15(5), 516-536. doi:10.1177/1468017314552050
Metz, T. (2014). Gross National Happiness: A Philosophical Appraisal. Ethics & Social Welfare, 8(3), 218-232. doi:10.1080/17496535.2014.932420
McClelland, A. (2010). Values, concepts, and social policy design. In A. McClelland, & P. Smythe, (Eds.), Social Policy in Australia (pp. 21-38). Oxford, Oxford University Press.
McDonald, C. (2009). Children and Poverty: Why their experience of their lives matter for policy. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 44(1), 5-21.
McMahon, A., Thomson, J., & Williams, C. (2000). Understanding the Australian welfare state. Australia: Macmillan.
Mendes, P. (2008). Australia’s welfare wars: The players, the politics and the ideologies. Australia: UNSW Press.
Morris, A. (2010) Policies relating to homelessness and affordable housing in Australia. In A. Nevile (ed.), Human Rights and Social Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Values and Citizenship in OECD Countries (pp. 154 -173). London: Edward Elgar.
Pierson, C. (2006). Beyond the welfare state?: the new political economy of welfare. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Patriquin, L. (2013). The Class Ceiling of Social Rights. [Article]. Journal of Progressive Human Services, 24(1), 66-80. doi: 10.1080/10428232.2013.740404
Pierson, C., & Castles, F. G. (2006). The Welfare State Reader: a reader. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Powell, F. (2009). Civil Society, Social Policy and Participatory Democracy: Past, Present and Future. Social Policy and Society, 8(01), 49-58.
Reisch, M., & Jani, J. S. (2012). The New Politics of Social Work Practice: Understanding Context to Promote Change. British Journal of Social Work, 42(6), 1132-1150.
Saunders, P. (2008). ‘Measuring wellbeing using non-monetary indicators’. Family Matters, 78, 8-17.
Saunders, P. (2005). The Poverty Wars. Sydney: UNSW Press.
Saunders, P., Naidoo, Y. & Griffiths, M. (2008) Towards new indicators of disadvantage: deprivation and social exclusion in Australia. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 43(2): 175-194.
Schedvin, B. (2008). Primary phases of Australian economic development in the twentieth century. Australian Economic Review, 41(4), 450-455.
Spicker, P. (2013). Personalisation Falls Short. British Journal of Social Work, 43(7), 1259-1275. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcs063
Stanford, S., & Taylor, S. (2013). Welfare Dependence or Enforced Deprivation? A Critical Examination of White Neoliberal Welfare and Risk. Australian Social Work, 1-19. doi:10.1080/0312407x.2013.832789
Whitworth, A., & Griggs, J. (2013). Lone Parents and Welfare-to-work Conditionality: Necessary, Just, Effective? Ethics & Social Welfare, 7(2), 124-140. doi:10.1080/17496535.2013.779001
Journals
Australian Economic Review
Australian Journal of Politics and History (Electronic Journal)
Australian Journal of Social Issues (Electronic Journal)
Australian Social Policy (previous name, Social Security) (Electronic Journal)
Australian Social Work (Electronic Journal)
Fiscal studies (Electronic Journal)
Just Policy: A Journal of Australian Social Policy (Electronic Journal)
Social Policy & Society (Electronic journal)
Australian and State/Territory Governments
Australian Government
http://www.australia.gov.au
This is the entry point to electronic resources of the Australian Commonwealth Government, including the Parliament, administrative bodies and departments. You will find similar entry points for each of the Australian State and Territory governments.
Non-government – peaks and service providers
Peak consumer interest and representational bodies are stakeholders in social policy debates. Through class or systems advocacy they can influence social policy. When focusing on a particular socially vulnerable group or social policy domain you will need to research the interest groups and peak bodies that are relevant. The following are some examples of organisations that have broad relevance to vulnerable groups:
Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) http://www.acoss.org.au
ACOSS conducts research, develops policy and advocates for the poor, powerless and marginal in our society. This agency works on issues that are the responsibility of the Commonwealth Government such as income security and employment. There are separate Councils of Social Services (COSS’s) in each State and Territory that tend to focus on social policy issues that are the responsibility of this level of government. Try using your search engine to find your State or Territory COSS.
Other peak lobby organisations specialise in areas such as youth, women, aged, disabled, mentally ill, homelessness, education, housing, child protection, prisoners, drugs and alcohol etc. For example: Carers Australia http://www.carersaustralia.com.au
This mission statement of this organisation states that it represents the needs and interests of carers at the national level through advocating their needs and interests, influencing government and stakeholder policy, networking to form strategic partnerships that will achieve positive outcomes for carers and providing information, resources and community awareness activities that will assist carers.
Non-government service providing agencies have an increasing role in the delivery of social services and the policy making process. These agencies include:
non-profit agencies run by the churches, such as Anglicare, Brotherhood of St. Lawrence, Centacare, Jesuit Social Services, Mission Australia, St. Vincent de Paul or Wesley Misson, and non-religious charities such as Barnardos or Burnside
for profit service providing agencies contracted or subsidised by government to provide services such as child care and labour market programs.
Political parties and organisations
The Australian Parliamentary Library has a page with links to all Australian registered political parties:
http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/pol/polparti.htm
Links to the main political parties are:
Liberal www.liberal.org.au
Laborhttp www.alp.org.au
Greens www.greens.org.au
Nationals www.nationals.org.au
Many representational organisations such as unions and professional associations are key players in social policy debates. For example:
Australian Council of Trade Unions www.actu.asn.au/
Women’s Electoral Lobby www.wel.org.au
Research Centres and Think Tanks
Australian Institute of Family Studies www.aifs.gov.au
This is an Australian Government institute for research and policy development, from where you can download some publications.
Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC) – University of New South Wales www.sprc.unsw.edu.au
A research centre of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales, the SPRC conducts research and supports PhD study thereby contributing to discussion on all aspects of social policy in Australia. Professor Peter Saunders, Director (not to be confused with Peter Saunders of the Centre for Independent Studies) has a long career in research, publication and government advice on poverty and employment.
The Centre for Independent Studies www.cis.org.au
Here the word independent means they are not associated with a political party. The Centre is funded by private donation and sponsorship, and its aims include the promotion of a free market economy. Its research and policy advice are directed by the interests of the private sponsors, and publications include. For example, Australia’s Welfare Habit by Peter Saunders (2004) (not to be confused with Peter Saunders of the Social Policy Research Centre).
Media
Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) www.abc.net.au
From here you can access the daily news under heading such as politics, health, education etc. You can also access radio and television documentary programs and replay radio programs or search the archives to print out transcripts of radio documentaries.